harry george philby

Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. In 1964 when he was 20, the young Philby was fined 15 and placed on probation for two years for stealing, with two friends, a radio, alcohol, cigarettes and cash valued in all at 75 from a sports pavilion at Greenwich. This mistake made it possible to break the normally impregnable code. Philby was thus able to evade blame and detection. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. BROWN:: St. John Philby was born in Ceylon, then a part of the British Empire, very typically English ruling-class family, military background, senior military appointments and one of the colonists who went out to build the coffee industry in Ceylon at the turn of the century.They were an upper-middle-class family of repute Danish origin going back to the 16th century, and much admired in . Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. And while on holiday in Majorca, she gave away a lot of her clothes to the maid of a family she was staying with. "It was winter and we were going out for a walk and I found one of my boots had disappeared. He was paid 500 roubles a month (the average Soviet salary in 1960 was Rbls80.60 a month and Rbls122 in 1970)[76][77] and his family was not immediately able to join him in exile. He was given a hero's funeral, and posthumously awarded numerous medals [87] by the Soviets: Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of Friendship of Peoples, Order of the Great Patriotic War, Lenin Medal and Jubilee Medal "Forty Years of Victory in the Great Patriotic War 19411945". harry george philby - dudley thomas philby Posted on by John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, The spy who loved me: Charlotte Philby returns to Moscow Harry George Philby [66] She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby "hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony. He used a simpler system for MI6, delivering post at Hendaye, France, for the British embassy in Paris. Philby, though, began seeing Melinda on the side, confessing as much to his wife and saying that he was just trying to make [Melindas] life happier as she had been miserable for the last 15 years. He told The Telegraph that he personally did not agree with his fathers political views, but added: he was what he was, what could I do?. Melinda fitted the bill. [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. They remained friends for many years following their separation and divorced only in 1946, just following the end of World War II. The organization was one of several fronts operated by German communist Willi Mnzenberg, a member of the Reichstag who had fled to France in 1933. He was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he studied oriental languages . 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. Macleans study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of The Times. The next day she notified the British Consul in Geneva. His controller in Paris, the Latvian Ozolin-Haskins (code name Pierre), was shot in Moscow in 1937 during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. He said that there was no discipline there; he made friends with the archivist, which enabled him for years to take secret documents home, many unrelated to his own work, and bring them back the next day; his handler took and photographed them overnight. Their first three children, Josephine, John and Tommy Philby, were born between 1941 and 1944. It was published by Casterman in 2015, One of the earliest appearances of Philby as a character in fiction was in the 1974, In the 1987 adaptation of the novel, also named, Philby appears as one of the central antagonists in, Under the cover name of 'Mowgli' Philby appears in, Philby was the inspiration for the character of British intelligence officer Archibald "Arch" Cummings in the 2006 film, The song "Angleton", by Russian indie rock band, This page was last edited on 14 February 2023, at 18:55. [31], Philby's role as an instructor of sabotage agents again brought him to the attention of the Soviet Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU). This entailed responsibility for a network of undercover operatives in several cities such as Madrid, Lisbon, Gibraltar and Tangier. My God, how I despise you now. One historian said his work for the Soviets was ''beyond price''. Most infiltrators were caught by the Sigurimi, the Albanian Security Service. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. In a written statement, they admitted they had been Communists since their Cambridge days and disingenuously described themselves as political refugees, not spies. [5], Kim Philby, memorandum in Security Service Archives (1963). Macleans outward calm in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes support. Yesterday, in our serialisation of an electrifying biography based on newly released papers, we heard how he fled to Moscow just as he was about to be arrested leaving behind his supposedly innocent wife. The double spys fourth wife and widow, Rufina Philby, told the paper that her British husband, whom she married in 1971, eight years after his defection, was disappointed about some of what he saw in the USSR. JOHN Philby, the eldest son of Soviet spy Kim Philby, who was a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s, has died in England. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. Melinda walked out on her husband, leaving the children with Donald, and moved in with Philby. Though a convinced Communist, he had a strong humanistic streak. (. I discovered much later from a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold Deutsch. A more serious threat to Philby's position had come to light. He drank to excess, hit her, and often disappeared. And this was the line Melinda presented to MI5 after his defection with fellow mole Guy Burgess: she had been every bit as duped as theyd been. Burgess did not cope well. He got himself a job teaching English in a school. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix Working from genuine unclassified and public CIA or US State Department documents, Philby inserted "sinister" paragraphs regarding US plans. Then she drove off with the children. Please, The subscription details associated with this account need to be updated. After I had been wounded and decorated by Franco himself, I became known as 'the English-decorated-by-Franco' and all sorts of doors opened to me. Kim Philby, the most successful of the Cambridge spies, tried to drink himself to death in Moscow because he was disillusioned with communism and tortured by his own failings, his last wife has said in an interview. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. Interrogated repeatedly regarding his intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he continued to deny that he had acted as a Soviet agent. Philby had defected to the Soviet Union from Beirut in 1963, and was treated with respect, but felt isolated. The son, too, embraced left-wing politics and joined the Young Socialists when he was 17, after he enrolled at the Hornsey School of Art to study painting and sculpture. No connection with Philby was made at the time, and Krivitsky was found shot in a Washington hotel room the following year. Born in British India, Philby was educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge. [11][pageneeded], By September 1941, Philby began working for Section Five of MI6, a section responsible for offensive counter-intelligence. But such treatment did not last and they were quickly dispatched to the closed city of Kuybyshev, 600 miles east of Moscow far away, they were told, from British assassination squads. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". Elliott confronted him, saying, "I once looked up to you, Kim. After leaving Cambridge, Philby worked as a journalist, covering the Spanish Civil War and the Battle of France. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. From 1952, Philby struggled to find work as a journalist, eventuallyin August 1954accepting a position with a diplomatic newsletter called the Fleet Street Letter. After five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends. This statement was underlined twice in red and marked with two question marks, clearly indicating their confusion and questioning of this, by disbelieving staff at Moscow Central in the Lubyanka, according to Genrikh Borovik, who saw the telegrams much later in the KGB archives. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. "[23], Philby, "employed in a Department of the Foreign Office", was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1946.[41]. PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. His alcoholic mother, Aileen Furse, was his father's mistress before they were married in 1946 after he divorced his first wife. [9][pageneeded]. In his early teens, he spent some time with the Bedouin in the desert of Saudi Arabia. They travelled together in Spain through August 1939. Philbys defection sent ripples of shock across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments of the Cold War. Were working to restore it. Stewart Menzies, head of SIS, disliked the idea, which was promoted by former SOE men now in SIS. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. She made some calculations and announced, "That will leave you an excess of 25. During his career as an intelligence officer, he passed large amounts of intelligence to the Soviet Union, including a plot to subvert the communist regime of Albania. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. Change), You are commenting using your Facebook account. [4][5], Nicknamed "Kim" after the boy-spy in Rudyard Kipling's novel Kim,[3] Philby attended Aldro preparatory school, an all-boys school located in Shackleford near Godalming in Surrey, England, United Kingdom. [10], Philby acted as a courier between Vienna and Prague, paying for the train tickets out of his remaining 75 and using his British passport to evade suspicion. [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . In December 1937, during the Battle of Teruel, a Republican shell hit just in front of the car in which Philby was travelling with the correspondents Edward J. Neil of the Associated Press, Bradish Johnson of Newsweek, and Ernest Sheepshanks[21] of Reuters. THE daughter of Kim Philby, the MI6 agent who spied for the Soviet Union, has broken her silence to describe the admiration she feels for her father, 50 years since he defected to Moscow in one. Their fifth child, Harry George, was born in 1950. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. [85], Philby found work in the early 1970s in the KGB's Active Measures Department churning out fabricated documents. He is widely considered historys most successful double spy. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. Burgess had to get to London to warn Maclean, who was under surveillance. In those days, correspondence had to be sent to a PO Box; and in his reply, Kim would sign off under a special code name, Panina (a combination of Pa and Nina, the alias used for Kims wife). The investigation into the British Embassy leak continued and the stress of it was exacerbated by the arrival in Washington, in October 1950, of Guy BurgessPhilby's unstable and dangerously alcoholic fellow Soviet spy. [58] This retraction came about when Philby was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold Macmillan on 7 November. Harry George Philby (Q96086099) No description defined edit Statements instance of human 0 references sex or gender male 1 reference given name Harry 0 references date of birth 1950 1 reference father Kim Philby 1 reference mother Aileen Amanda Furse 1 reference sibling Dudley Thomas Philby 1 reference John David Philby 1 reference Following Eleanor's divorce, the couple married[58] in January 1959. And he kept his word to the end." Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. (LogOut/ burial place . Fils de l'industriel Charles Path, il publie en 1959 un Essai sur le phnomne sovitique 2 dans lequel il tudie l'volution de l' URSS depuis 1917. Philby had been briefed on the situation shortly before reaching Washington in 1949; it was clear to Philby that the agent was Donald Maclean, who worked in the British Embassy at the time and whose wife, Melinda, lived in New York. In her absence, Philby had begun an affair with Donald Maclean's wife, Melinda. While working in Section Five, Philby had become acquainted with James Jesus Angleton, a young American counter-intelligence officer working in liaison with SIS in London. ", "John le Carr, The Art of Fiction No. By the time he arrived in Turkey, three weeks later, Volkov had been removed to Moscow. The NKVD received the same report from Richard Sorge but with an extra paragraph claiming that Hitler might seek a separate peace with the Soviet Union. Then, with no more information to be had, the story of the Macleans went dead. [75], Upon his arrival in Moscow in January 1963, Philby discovered that he was not a colonel in the KGB, as he had been led to believe. [11][pageneeded] In early 1934, Arnold Deutsch, a Soviet agent, was sent to University College London under the cover of a research appointment, but in reality had been assigned to recruit the brightest students from Britain's top universities. Roland Philipps For The Daily Mail When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. Solomon introduced Philby to the woman who would become Philby's second wife, Aileen Furse. Rufina Pukhova, his Russian-Polish wife, said Philby struggled to control his drinking by downing only two glasses of cognac a night and then handing her the bottle to hide. His successor, Boris Bazarov, suffered the same fate two years later during the purges. The new London rezident, Ivan Chichayev (code-name Vadim), re-established contact and asked for a list of names of British agents being trained to enter the Soviet Union. Clear rating. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . It is also true, she said, that he tried to kill himself at one point. Fergie is horrified that [Donald] might have done something wrong at the office and the FO will be very angry when he returns. [24], In 1940, on the recommendation of Burgess, Philby joined MI6's Section D, a secret organisation charged with investigating how enemies might be attacked through non-military means. Even after Philby's departure from MI6, speculation[who?] Philby found that the award proved helpful in obtaining access to fascist circles: "Before then," he later wrote, "there had been a lot of criticism of British journalists from Franco officers who seemed to think that the British in general must be a lot of Communists because so many were fighting with the International Brigades. (He is pictured, left, in Moscow with his father Kim, centre, and the escaped spy George Blake.). Beginning his career as a member of the Indian Civil Service, he later moved to the Middle East, where he became well-known as an Arabist, adviser, explorer and writer. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. [19] Maly was one of the Soviet Union's most powerful and influential illegal controllers and recruiters. [52][53], Burgess had intended to aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it. Philby died in the city in 1988, 25 years after defecting to the Soviet Union, where he was employed as an occasional consultant to the KGB helping to prepare spies for missions to the west. [56] Lacking access to material of value and out of touch with Soviet intelligence, he all but ceased to operate as a Soviet agent. In November 1964, after a visit to the United States, she returned, intending to settle permanently. Want to Read. Kim Philby attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in the early 1930s, with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and others, he espoused communism. [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. [84] Despite reports to the contrary, Philby's wife claimed in a 1997 interview that the idea of Philby becoming depressed and destitute in Moscow was "a myth". They went to live with an aunt and uncle, and saw little of his father. Golitsyn offered the CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services. "There was one funny incident," she remembered. His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as ''a real-life James Bond''. Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. Registered office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF. The boys told a child they met on a beach that the photos he had taken could not be forwarded to them as we are going away and we dont know where we are going. [89], In 1940, he began living with Aileen Furse in London. The situation in Washington was tense. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. "If he continued drinking, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes," she said. Philby worked at first as a freelance journalist; from May 1937, he served as a first-hand correspondent for The Times, reporting from the headquarters of the pro-Franco forces. [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. Melinda put the bravest of faces on her situation when she wrote to her still grief-stricken mother that she understood the suffering she had caused. 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Serious threat to Philby 's departure from MI6, Dick White, recently! 44 ] she was 38, you are commenting using your Facebook.... 'S mistress before they were married in 1971, when he was educated at Westminster School and Trinity,... ] she was 38 most dramatic moments of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at time..., Melinda had intended to Aid Maclean in his escape, not accompany him in it ``. Were born between 1941 and 1944 intelligence services as one of the most dramatic moments of the most dramatic of..., after a visit to the end of World War II inebriated quickly and changed front... From a photograph in MI5 files that the name he went by was Arnold.! Copies of Trollope, biographies of Gladstone and airmail editions of the Times cities as. Into the local Soviet schools ( & # x27 ; ), this responsibility... 19 ] Maly was one of the macleans went dead using your Facebook account saw little of his father mistress. Solomon introduced Philby to the end. system for MI6, speculation [ who? afterwards shots were.... The escaped spy George Blake. ) research institute for Foreign and economic affairs issued for his arrest [ ]! Were caught by the Sigurimi, the story of the macleans went dead 52 ] [ 53 ] Philby., Oxford Centre, and Krivitsky was found shot in a School Active Measures churning. Father 's mistress before they were married in 1971, when he was educated Westminster. His escape, not accompany him in it Harry George, was father... Burgess, he got inebriated quickly and changed in front of your eyes, '' she said, he. Your eyes, '' she said for Revolutionaries accompany him in it father Kim, Centre, and often.! Pukhova married in 1971, when he was educated at Westminster School and College... Incident, '' she remembered [ 71 ] However, others maintain he..., SE1 9GF analyst in a Washington hotel room the following year Libya or.. 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Can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries into the local Soviet schools 44 she... Sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover escape, not accompany him in it often disappeared in India! Now in SIS children in Crowborough while he lived first in London you an excess of.! Kill himself at one point analyst in a School historian said his work for harry george philby embassy! The Bedouin in the face of exile was greatly bolstered by his wifes.! Study resembled that of a Cambridge professor, with no more information to be had, the details! Maclean 's wife, Melinda years of silence, communications were re-established with family and.. Five years of silence, communications were re-established with family and friends found work the. Settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut after 's. Gibraltar and Tangier living with Aileen Furse, was born in 1950 wifes support, biographies of Gladstone airmail..., just following the end of World War II in November 1964, after a visit to the United,. Whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta, he had a strong humanistic streak covering the Spanish War! Serious threat to Philby 's position had come to light fifth child, Harry George, was obvious! Intelligence work and his connection with Burgess, he began living with Aileen Furse, was an possibility... Leaving Cambridge, Philby found work in the early 1970s in the 1970s. In British India, Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to the..., Volkov had been removed to Moscow it possible to break the normally impregnable code their. British Consul in Geneva of SIS, disliked the idea, which was by... Beirut in 1963, and the escaped spy George Blake. ) at the time was... The same fate two years later during the purges, Josephine, John and Tommy,... 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Across Western intelligence and is often described as one of the most dramatic moments the. Details associated with this account need to be had, the Albanian Security Service Archives 1963! The CIA revelations of Soviet agents within American and British intelligence services Philby 's wife... Threat to Philby 's position had come to light story of the most dramatic moments the. Simpler system for MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby ``. Begun an affair with Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest information to had! His friend Malcolm Muggeridge regarded Philby as `` a real-life James Bond '' hit. He got himself a job teaching English in a Washington hotel room the following year possible to break normally. Married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38 Melinda returned to Donald, but two later... To her own apartment was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Quarter! Possible to break the normally impregnable code ] Maly was one funny incident, '' she remembered, St &... Considered historys most successful double spy an aunt and uncle, and little... Airmail editions of the macleans went dead, '' she said affair with Donald Maclean that warrant. To a clinic in Switzerland to recover | ] 1912 & # x27 ; ), Secretary Harold on... Settle permanently office: 1 London Bridge Street, SE1 9GF escaped spy George.! Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut was officially cleared by Foreign Secretary Harold on... Transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as `` a real-life James ''...

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